ravage: implies a violent, severe, and often accumulative depredation and destruction: a hurricane that ~d the Gulf coast.     (depredation掠夺=plunder=loot)（accumulative累积的）


devastation: implies the complete ruin and desolation of a wide area: the atomic bomb that ~d Hiroshima.   广岛


waste: may imply a less complete destruction or one produced by a slower or less violent process: years of drought had ~d the area.


sack: implies the looting and destroying of a place: barbarians ~ed ancient Rome.       (loot抢劫战争或骚乱的受害者)


pillage: implies ruthless plundering at will but without the completeness suggested by sack: settlements ~d by the Vikings.


despoil: applies to the looting or robbing of a place or people without suggesting accompanying destruction: the Nazis ~ed the art museums of Europe.


ravage肆虐: 指长时间的猛烈的掠夺或毁灭，devastation完全毁灭: 大片地区完全毁灭(ruin倒塌desolation荒凉)，waste荒废: 范围速度和烈度相对较弱，sack劫掠: 洗劫并且毁灭，程度最强，pillage: 也是肆意洗劫，但范围不及sack， despoil: 也是洗劫，但没去毁灭

记忆方法：1) 首字母RDWSPD重组为SPD斯巴达WDR我的人<==残暴肆虐

          2) 肆虐的意思是抢劫或破坏某个地方使变得荒废mean to lay waste by plundering or destroying.